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“A POLEMICAL TROPE IN THE ‘ONTOLOGICAL TURN’ OF ANTHROPOLOGY: Surel analyses and critically evaluates the broader implications of the treatment given to naturalism and the concept of Nature in the recent ‘ontological turn’ of anthropology. In their respective defences of a ‘multinaturalism’ and of a theory of social formations in terms of ‘symbolic ecologies’, the post-structuralist anthropology of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro and Philippe Descola nourishes a productive polemic against naturalism as ideological formation. As the article shows, key to this is the association of naturalism with multiculturalism and, on an another level, the construction of a free-form social ontology.”